Methods and Applications of 3D Ground Crop Analysis Using LiDAR Technology: A Survey

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology is positioning itself as one of the most effective non-destructive methods to collect accurate information on ground crop fields, analysis three-dimensional models that can be generated with it allows for quickly measuring several key parameters (such yield estimations, aboveground biomass, vegetation indexes estimation, perform plant phenotyping, automatic control agriculture robots or machinery, among others). In this survey, we systematically analyze 53 research papers published between 2005 2022 involve significant use LiDAR applied crops. Different dimensions are identified classifying surveyed (including application areas, species under study, scanner technologies, mounting platform additional instrumentation software tools). From our draw relevant conclusions about such identifying a hierarchy different scanning platforms their frequency well establishing trade-off economic costs deploying agronomically effectively acquired. We also conclude none approaches tackles problem associated working multiple same setup configuration, which shows need instrument calibration algorithmic fine tuning an technology.